#13Q3) Waves and Optics

Verification of the relationship between the frequency of a stretched string and its vibrating length using the sonometer

DifficultyMedium
Est. Time45 mins

Required Apparatus

A sonometer, a set of weights, a 2 kg weight, and a light paper rider.

Scientific Theory

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If ff is the resonance frequency of the wire, ll the resonance length, TT the tension and mm the mass per unit length of wire,

f=(12 lTm)f=(\frac{1}{2~l}\sqrt{\frac{T}{m}}) l=(12Tm)1fl=(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{T}{m}})\frac{1}{f}

If the graph of ll against 1f\frac{1}{f} is a straight line through the origin, the relation l1fl\propto\frac{1}{f} is verified.

Experimental Method

  1. Suspend an initial load of 2 kg from the wire that passes over the pulley fixed to the sonometer.
  2. Arrange the bridges to have a small gap between them and place the paper rider on the middle of the wire between the bridges.
  3. Select the tuning fork of highest frequency since it would give the shortest resonance length. Vibrate this tuning fork and hold it on the sonometer box.
  4. Next increase the gap between the bridges until the rider gets thrown out of the wire. Measure the length ll of the wire between bridges and note down the value along with frequency ff of the fork.
  5. Repeat the process by selecting the tuning forks in the descending order of frequencies and obtain about six sets of values of ff and relevant ll values.

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Important Points

1
  • Follow the methodology mentioned in the experiment no. 12 to obtain resonance accurately.